Batman was created by Bob Kane in 1939 as a comic book hero. During his long career he was featured in the Superman radio series and in two movie serials produced during World War II. In 1966 the ABC network decided to produce the first Batman television series and it became an immediate hit. Initially, the show aired twice a week. On Wednesdays, Batman and his sidekick Robin would confront one of their archenemies and would end the episode in horrible danger, only to save themselves at the beginning of the next episode on Thursdays. These cliffhangers closely followed the tradition created by Kane in the comic books.

    The television series also followed the comic books' plot. Bruce Wayne (played by Adam West) was orphaned in his teens when criminals killed his parents. He inherited a huge fortune and, obsessed with fighting the evil-doers who plagued Gotham City, became Batman, the Caped Crusader. Under his mansion, Batman constructed the Batcave, an elaborate laboratory used to fight crime. His young ward, Dick Grayson (played by Burt Ward), also orphaned due to evil-doers, became Robin, the Boy Wonder, under Batman/Wayne's tutelage. Together they defended the city against the sick minded criminals that populated the underworld. The only person who knew their identity was Alfred (Alan Napier), Wayne's butler who raised Bruce after his parents were killed. In the Batlab, and at the Batcave, Batman and Robin were helped by the most advanced technology to fight their enemies. The Police Commissioner Gordon (Neil Hamilton) could ask Batman for help either through the use of a searchlight, the Batsignal, or the Batphone, a direct line between the Police Station and Bruce Wayne's mansion. To defeat their enemies, Batman and Robin also used the Batmobile, their utility belts and other Batdevices.

    The success of the series attracted several famous actors and actress to play the villains. Among the most famous enemies were The Riddler (played first by Frank Gorshin and then John Astin), The Penguin (Burgess Meredith), The Joker (Cesar Romero), King Tut (Victor Buono), Egghead (Vincent Price) and Catwoman (played at different moments by Julie Newmar, Lee Ann Meriwether, and Eartha Kitt).

    Batman incorporated the expressive art and fashion of the period in its sets and costumes. It also relied excessively on technological gadgetry transforming the show into a parody of contemporary life. It was this self-reflexive parody-camp of the comic character that boosted the ratings of the program to the top ten during its first season. The show was not to be taken seriously. The acting was intentionally overdone and the situations extremely contrived. In the fight scenes animated "Bangs," "Pows," and "Bops" would fill the screen every time a blow was struck. These characteristics, besides displeasing the "organized vocal Batman fans," were not enough to save the show (Boichel, 1991).

    Batman came to television under a massive advertising campaign followed by heavy merchandising placement. Directed towards adults and children this campaign reached the millions of dollars (McNeil, 1991). Originally scheduled to start at the fall of 1966, the show debuted earlier in the middle of the Spring season. ABC aired Batman on prime-time from 12 January 1966, to 14 March 1968. By fall 1966, ratings were already falling. To offset this trend, in the fall season of 1967, the show was cut to once a week and Batgirl was introduced. This time she came to save the show from falling ratings and not to protect Batman and Robin against accusations of a homoerotic relationship, as was the case for her creation by the comic book writers in the mid-1950s. Batgirl (Yvonne Craig), the daughter of Commissioner Gordon and a librarian, fought crime on her own and was many times paired with the Dynamic Duo. Her debut, however, was not enough to save the series. The producers tried to spice the plots with the new sexy heroine, but it did not work and Batman went off the air in mid-season in the spring of 1968.

    In September 1968 CBS produced an animated version of Batman in which the super Duo shared one hour with Superman (in separated segments). Even though the program introduced a less camp version of Batman and Robin, possibly in response to fan criticisms to the prime-time serial, the program lasted only two seasons. Between February and September 1977 CBS broadcast an animated version of hero with the voices of Adam West and Burt Ward. In September of that year, CBS changed the New Adventures of Batman to The Batman/Tarzan Hour in which Batman and Tarzan shared one hour back to back, in separated segments.

    In the fall of 1992 FOX television released a new animated series capitalizing on publicity for the movie, Batman Returns. This new series followed the stylistic changes in the comic book hero. The FOX series earned critical and popular acclaim for its high-quality graphics and action-packed storylines. Interestingly, as in the two Batman movies released in the 1990s, this new animated series erased Robin from the scene, possibly responding to criticisms of the homoerotic subtext between the two heroes. Originally shown every afternoon, the FOX series moved to the Saturday morning FOX line-up in the spring of 1994. At the same time the series also brought Robin back, possibly responding to the word that a new Batman, film to be released in 1995, would again include Robin in its plot.

    -Antonio LaPastina

    CAST

    Bruce Wayne (Batman}............................. Adam West  

    Dick Grayson (Robin).................................. Burt Ward  

    Alfred Pennyworth..................................... Alan Napier  

    Aunt Harriet Cooper................................ Madge Blake  

    Police Commissioner Gordon.................. Neil Hamilton  

    Chief O'Hara.......................................... Stafford Repp

    Barbara Gordon (Batgirl) (1967-1968)........ Yvonne Craig

    PRODUCERS

    William Dozier, Howie Horwitz

    PROGRAMMING HISTORY

    120 Episodes

    ABC

    January 1966-August 1967   Wednesday & Thursday 7:30-8:00

    September 1967-March 1968   Thursday 7:30-8:00

    FURTHER READING

    Grossman, G. Saturday Morning TV. New York: Arlington House, 1987.

    Pearson, R. and W. Uricchio, Editors. The Many Lives Of Batman: Critical Approaches To A Superhero And His Media. New York: Routledge, 1991.

    Reynolds, R. Super Heroes: A Modern Mythology. London: Batsford, 1992.

    Thumbnail of Lorenzo Semple, Jr.

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on Adam West as "Batman" in Batman

    00:35
    Thumbnail of Lorenzo Semple, Jr.

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on the concept behind Batman

    02:17
    Thumbnail of Lorenzo Semple, Jr.

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on writing the comedy in Batman

    02:38
    Thumbnail of Eartha Kitt

    Eartha Kitt on being cast as "Catwoman" on Batman

    03:40
    Thumbnail of Adam West

    Adam West on appearing on Lawman

    00:50
    Thumbnail of Adam West

    Adam West on Alan Napier as "Alfred" on Batman

    02:23

    George Barris

    George Barris on making the "Batmobile" for Batman

    09:13

    George Barris on the choice of Bronson Cave for the location of the Batcave on Batman

    00:52

    George Barris on working with Batman creator Bob Kane on the design of the Batmobile for Batman

    02:02

    George Barris on the number of Batmobiles he made for Batman

    02:21

    George Barris on designing the Bat Boat, the Batcopter, and the Batcycle for Batman

    01:05

    George Barris on work he did for Batman projects subsequent to Batman

    03:00

    Robert Butler

    Robert Butler on directing the pilot and a few other Batman episodes

    02:30

    Robert Butler on Bill Dozier setting the tone of Batman and working with Adam West

    04:33

    Robert Butler on some of the fun and crazy elements on Batman; on the "dynamic duo"

    03:34

    Robert Butler on the guest stars on Batman

    03:25

    Robert Butler on the fight scenes and comic book elements on Batman

    01:40

    Robert Butler on the two episode structure and cliffhangers often used on Batman

    01:13

    Robert Butler on lighting challenges on Batman

    02:31

    Robert Butler on the camp nature of Batman

    02:23

    Robert Butler on the titles of Batman episodes and working with Frank Gorshin ("The Riddler") on Batman

    02:16

    Robert Butler on episodes 3 and 4 of Batman featuring Burgess Meredith as "The Penguin"

    01:21

    Douglas S. Cramer

    Douglas S. Cramer on developing Batman

    06:41

    Douglas S. Cramer on the look of Batman

    04:29

    Thomas Del Ruth

    Thomas Del Ruth on working as assistant cameraman on Batman  

    07:10

    Robert Dickinson

    Robert Dickinson on being in awe watching episodes of Batman being filmed

    01:17

    David Gerber

    David Gerber on approving Batman as head of 20th Century Fox Television 

    03:54

    Melissa Gilbert

    Melissa Gilbert on doing the voice for "Batgirl" on the animated Batman series

    01:30

    Leonard H. Goldenson

    Leonard H. Goldenson on ABC's success with Batman

    00:48

    Eartha Kitt

    Eartha Kitt on being cast as "Catwoman" on Batman

    03:40

    Eartha Kitt on driving the "Catmobile" on Batman

    02:56

    Eartha Kitt on playing "Catwoman" on Batman

    02:48

    Gene LeBell

    Gene LeBell on his stunt work on the television and film versions of Batman

    02:36

    Gene LeBell on working with guest stars like Frank Gorshin ("The Riddler") on Batman

    00:54

    Leslie H. Martinson

    Leslie H. Martinson on directing Batman

    02:36

    Leslie H. Martinson on directing Batman

    03:37

    Leslie H. Martinson on working with Adam West and Burt Ward on Batman

    04:18

    Nolan Miller

    Nolan Miller on costuming Joan Collins and Tallulah Bankhead when they guest-starred on Batman

    01:46

    Thomas W. Moore

    Thomas W. Moore on programming and developing Batman, and on the limited shelf life of shows that are instant hits

    02:36

    Rob Reiner

    Rob Reiner on guest-starring on Batman, and on playing a number of hippies

    01:34

    Stanley Ralph Ross

    Stanley Ralph Ross on being hired to write for the comedy series Mister Roberts, and later for Batman

    05:47

    Stanley Ralph Ross on becoming in-demand as a writer after being hired to write for Batman

    03:19

    Stanley Ralph Ross on writing the Batman episode "The Lady and the Tiger," which introduced "Catwoman"

    02:15

    Stanley Ralph Ross on having trouble with ABC Standards & Practices over a Batman script involving "Catwoman," then played by Eartha Kitt

    01:17

    Stanley Ralph Ross on the campy tone of Batman

    02:01

    Stanley Ralph Ross on the producers of Batman, including Bill Dozier

    01:05

    Stanley Ralph Ross on Adam West as "Batman" and Burt Ward as "Robin" on Batman

    01:00

    Stanley Ralph Ross on the guest villains on Batman

    01:31

    Stanley Ralph Ross on the regular supporting cast of Batman

    02:11

    Stanley Ralph Ross on the catchphrases of Batman

    03:39

    Stanley Ralph Ross on the process of creating an episode of Batman

    02:24

    Stanley Ralph Ross on writing the "Catwoman" episodes of Batman, and on Julie Newmar and Eartha Kitt as "Catwoman"

    02:25

    Stanley Ralph Ross on multiple actors playing the same villain on Batman, and on Frank Sinatra wanting to play "The Joker"

    02:44

    Stanley Ralph Ross on various characters he created for Batman, including "The Siren," played by Joan Collins

    01:12

    Stanley Ralph Ross on the directors of Batman

    01:57

    Stanley Ralph Ross on being on the set of Batman, and on the scheduling of the show

    02:56

    Stanley Ralph Ross on Batman going from airing twice a week to once a week

    01:42

    Stanley Ralph Ross on the Batman episode "Come Back, Shame"

    01:37

    Stanley Ralph Ross on the popularity of Batman

    01:36

    Edgar J. Scherick

    Edgar Scherick on the development and promotion of Batman

    03:24

    William Self

    William Self on developing Batman

    05:01

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr.

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on how he came to write for Batman and make it a comedy

    04:08

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on the comedy of Batman and ABC's reaction to it

    05:17

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on the concept behind Batman

    02:17

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on writing the comedy in Batman

    02:38

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on creating the iconography of Batman

    02:22

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on writing the Batman scripts

    02:03

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on Batman director Robert Butler

    01:27

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on the twice a week "cliffhanger" format of the Batman episodes

    01:22

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on writing Batman from Spain

    04:19

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on attracting guest stars to perform in Batman

    00:51

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on his complete absence from the Batman set and critical and audience reaction

    02:02

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on Adam West as "Batman" in Batman

    00:35

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on Burt Ward as "Robin" in Batman

    00:34

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on Burgess Meredith as "The Penguin" on Batman

    02:00

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on Batman going "over the top"

    03:01

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on the Batmobile on Batman

    00:38

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on the "Bat Rules" for writers of Batman

    01:53

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on the writing process for Batman

    01:44

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on the villains of Batman

    01:01

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on cultural phenomenon of the Batman series

    01:34

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on the Batman phenomenon burning out and the "Batman" movie

    03:38

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on the merchandising and declining ratings of Batman

    01:58

    Lorenzo Semple, Jr. on why Batman has lasted

    02:20

    Adam West

    Adam West on being cast as Batman along with Burt Ward as "Robin"

    03:50

    Adam West on getting the right level of comedy on Batman

    01:45

    Adam West on the premise of Batman, and on the rumored gay overtones of the show

    02:11

    Adam West on how Batman was different from earlier portrayals of the character, and on the comedy of the show

    05:23

    Adam West on "Robin's" "Holy" catchphrase on Batman

    01:19

    Adam West on playing the comedy in Batman

    01:08

    Adam West on the Batman costume, and how it helped him find the character

    02:52

    Adam West on the character of "Catwoman" on Batman, and the actresses that played her including Julie Newmar, Eartha Kitt, and Lee Meriwether

    03:17

    Adam West on Batman creator Bob Kane's involvement with the series

    02:32

    Adam West on the popularity of Batman

    01:43

    Adam West on the end of Batman

    00:57

    Adam West on the producers of Batman, including Bill Dozier

    01:37

    Adam West on the directors of Batman

    01:00

    Adam West on Burt Ward as "Robin" on Batman

    02:08

    Adam West on Alan Napier as "Alfred" on Batman

    02:23

    Adam West on Neil Hamilton as "Commissioner Gordon" and "Madge Blake" as "Aunt Harriett" on Batman

    01:56

    Adam West on Burgess Meredith as "the Penguin" on Batman

    01:38

    Adam West on Cesar Romero as "the Joker" on Batman

    01:57

    Adam West on Frank Gorshin as "the Riddler" on Batman

    00:58

    Adam West on Victor Buono as "King Tut" on Batman

    01:29

    Adam West on how the guest villains on Batman were cast, and on cameos on the show

    03:04

    Adam West on the character of "Mr. Freeze," played by George Saunders, Eli Wallach, and Otto Preminger on Batman

    01:54

    Adam West on David Wayne as "Mad Hatter" on Batman

    00:48

    Adam West on Harvey Lembeck as "Eagle Eye" and Roddy McDowell as "Bookworm" on Batman

    01:25

    Adam West on Art Carney as "The Archer" and Van Johnson as "The Minstrel" on Batman

    01:14

    Adam West on Shelly Winters as "Ma Parker" and Vincent Price as "Egghead" in Batman

    01:15

    Adam West on Cliff Robertson as "Shame" on Batman

    01:44

    Adam West on Liberace and Maurice Evans guest-starring on Batman

    02:24

    Adam West on Milton Berle guest-starring as "Louie the Lilac" on Batman

    01:36

    Adam West on the Batcave and Bat poles on Batman

    02:09

    Adam West on the Batmoble and on the stunts on Batman

    02:17

    Adam West on the two episode a week cliffhanger format of Batman and the production schedule

    01:19

    Adam West on his favorite moments of the Batman series

    01:24

    Adam West on the fame that resulted for he and Burt Ward from Batman

    03:42

    Adam West on dealing with the typecasting that came about as a result of Batman

    06:00

    Adam West on his career as a voiceover artist

    02:04

    Adam West on the Batman themed made-for-television move Return to the Batcave

    01:57

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